Russia



CLIMATE


Most of Russia has a continental climate, with long, cold winters and mild summers.

Temperatures

The average monthly temperatures in winter range from -25ºC along the Yenisei River, -15ºC in Orenburg to -10ºC in Moscow. The average monthly temperatures in summer range from 2ºC on the northern coast, 15ºC in the east to 25ºC in the Russian Plain.


Precipitation

Annual total precipitation: from 500 to 750 mm.


Moscow

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Day temperature [°C]

-9

-6

0

10

19

21

23

22

16

9

2

-5

Night temperature [°C]

-16

-14

-8

1

8

11

13

12

7

3

-3

-10

Hours of sunlight

1

2

4

5

8

8

8

7

4

2

1

1



Elevation extremes

Highest point: El’brus 5 633 m
Lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m


Natural resources

coal, oil, timber


Land use

Arable land: 7.17%
Permanent crops: 0.11%
Other: 92.72%


Natural hazards

volcanoes, earthquakes, floods, forest fires


Environmental issues

air and water pollution, deforestation, soil erosion and contamination